Lentera Peradaban: Journal on Islamic Studies

The Concept of Wakālah and Modern Agency in Contemporary Islamic Law

Sigit Prian — 2025-09-25

This research aims to analyze the concepts of wakalah and agency from a contemporary Fiqh perspective, focusing on their relevance in modern transactions. The research design employs a comprehensive library research method, examining various primary and secondary literature related to Fiqh muamalah, Islamic contract law, and agency practices in the contemporary era. The main findings indicate that although the concept of wakalah has strong roots in classical Fiqh, its application in the form of modern agency requires careful interpretation and adaptation to suit current economic dynamics. A fundamental distinction between wakalah as pure representation and agency as a commercial activity needs to be understood to avoid legal ambiguity. The implication of this research is the importance of developing a more adaptive Fiqh framework to accommodate complex agency practices, ensuring sharia compliance while remaining relevant to market needs. This implication encourages Islamic financial institutions and legal practitioners to draft more transparent and sharia-compliant contracts for agency transactions. The originality of this research lies in its comparative analysis between traditional wakalah and modern agency concepts from a contemporary Fiqh perspective, providing a theoretical foundation for the development of innovative sharia-compliant products and services within the realm of agency.

The Relationship between Haqīqat al-Insān and Modern Social Theory

Saluran — 2025-09-25

This research aims to analyze the relevance of the concept of Haqiiqatul Insan within the framework of modern social theory, bridging the understanding of Islamic spirituality with contemporary sociology. Employing a comprehensive literature review research design, this study examines various primary and secondary sources from classical Islamic literature and modern social theory. The main findings indicate that the concept of Haqiiqatul Insan, which emphasizes the human essence as a spiritual and moral being, offers a unique perspective to address the limitations of modern social theories that tend to be materialistic and reductionist in understanding the human dimension. The implications of this research are highly significant, paving the way for the development of new interdisciplinary approaches that integrate spiritual insights into social analysis, thereby enriching the understanding of human behavior and societal structures. Practically, this can inform more holistic social policies and the development of community interventions rooted in universal human values. The originality of this research lies in its systematic effort to build a dialogue between the rich Islamic intellectual tradition and the dominant discourse of modern social theory, offering a novel conceptual framework largely unexplored in sociological literature.

Derivative Transactions in Stock Exchanges: Between Gharar and Speculation

Sutisno — 2025-09-10

This study aims to analyze derivative transactions in the stock exchange from the perspective of Islamic law, focusing on the concepts of gharar (uncertainty) and speculation. Employing a comprehensive literature review design, the research examines both classical and contemporary Islamic sources, as well as relevant capital market regulations. The findings reveal that purely speculative derivatives (such as futures and options without physical delivery) contain excessive gharar and are therefore problematic under Sharia principles. In contrast, derivatives designed for risk management (hedging), such as Salam Futures, Istisna’ Futures, or Ijarah-based Options, show potential compliance with Sharia when structured with clear limitations and subject to strict supervision. The implications highlight the need for a more comprehensive regulatory framework for Sharia-compliant derivatives, the development of products based on Islamic contracts, and the enhancement of Sharia financial literacy in Indonesia. The originality of this research lies in its in-depth integration of gharar and speculation analysis in the context of derivatives, offering practical guidance for the development of modern Sharia-compliant financial instruments.

Muslim Consumer Protection in the Era of E-Commerce: A Regulatory and Social Review

Abdul Hapiz Mursidin Syabani — 2025-09-25

The expansion of e-commerce in Indonesia has progressed rapidly in recent years; however, this growth has not been fully aligned with the values of Islamic Sharia, despite Indonesia having the world’s largest Muslim population. This study seeks to explore the legal and social consequences of implementing halal e-commerce in the Indonesian context and assess how well these practices conform to existing national regulations. Utilizing a normative legal research method, the study adopts conceptual, comparative, and content analysis approaches, drawing from Islamic legal sources and statutory law. The findings indicate that there is currently no comprehensive legal framework specifically governing halal e-commerce, leading to regulatory gaps and insufficient protection for Muslim consumers. On the social front, low levels of halal digital literacy and limited access to halal certification (particularly among micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM)) pose significant obstacles. The study emphasizes the need for strengthened halal digital regulations, the development of a tech-based certification infrastructure, and active collaboration between government agencies, business sectors, and religious authorities. In conclusion, the advancement of a sustainable halal e-commerce ecosystem requires an integrated strategy that encompasses legal, social, and technological elements to ensure Sharia compliance and inclusivity for Indonesia’s Muslim population.

Sarana Perang Pemikiran Dalam Media Digital: Kajian Kritis

Fajar Syahrul Ramadhan — 2025-09-10

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sarana perang pemikiran dalam media digital melalui kajian kritis. Dengan menggunakan desain penelitian studi pustaka atau tinjauan literatur, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi berbagai taktik dan strategi yang digunakan dalam perang pemikiran di ruang digital, termasuk penyebaran disinformasi, propaganda, manipulasi algoritma, dan pembentukan opini publik. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa media digital telah menjadi medan pertempuran utama bagi ideologi dan narasi, di mana aktor-aktor tertentu secara sistematis memanfaatkan platform digital untuk memengaruhi persepsi, keyakinan, dan perilaku audiens. Implikasi penelitian ini menyoroti urgensi bagi pembuat kebijakan, praktisi media, dan masyarakat umum untuk meningkatkan literasi digital dan mengembangkan strategi kontra-narasi yang efektif guna membendung dampak negatif perang pemikiran. Secara lebih luas, penelitian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya kerangka regulasi dan etika yang kuat untuk memastikan integritas informasi di era digital. Orisinalitas penelitian ini terletak pada sintesis komprehensif terhadap berbagai dimensi perang pemikiran dalam konteks media digital di Indonesia, serta penekanan pada implikasi praktis dan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk mengatasi fenomena ini.

The Syahādatain and the Conception of Obedience in Islamic Law

Waulil Amri — 2025-09-19

This study examines the role of Syahadatain as the fundamental basis of Muslim faith and its influence on the concept of obedience within Islamic Law in Indonesia. Syahadatain, consisting of the acknowledgment of Tawhid and the prophethood of Muhammad, is not merely a ritual statement but serves as an ontological, epistemological, and ethical foundation for individual behavior in worship and social transactions. The study employs a qualitative approach with library research, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews at pesantrens and Islamic educational institutions in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya. Findings indicate that internalizing Syahadatain fosters authentic obedience, enhancing moral integrity, honesty, trustworthiness, and spiritual awareness. Implementing Syahadatain values also has significant implications for public policy, character education, Islamic finance, and digital literacy in Indonesia. Major challenges include religious understanding diversity, fragmented educational authorities, modernity and secularism influences, limited resources, and resistance to pedagogical innovation. Strategies to strengthen obedience based on Syahadatain include revitalizing religious curricula, leveraging digital technology for education and da'wah, cross-sector collaboration, and developing role models among public figures. This study emphasizes that reinforcing Syahadatain can enhance individual and social integrity, support the development of a civilized, harmonious, and just society, and promote ethical and productive digital literacy.

Maisir in Online Gaming Business: A Theological and Islamic Ethical Perspective

Denis Sasmita — 2025-09-19

Modern derivative markets provide flexibility and risk management but pose challenges for Sharia compliance due to potential gharar (uncertainty) and maysir (speculation). This study employs a library research approach to evaluate the conformity of conventional derivatives with Islamic law principles in Indonesia. The analysis highlights that futures, options, and swaps rely on price predictions without actual asset ownership, risking violations of al-mal and al-bay’ principles. National regulations, including DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 80/DSN-MUI/III/2011, OJK, and BEI, have not explicitly addressed Sharia-compliant derivatives, while public literacy remains low. Alternatives through salam, istisna’, and urbun contracts show potential for real-based derivative contracts that minimize gharar and maysir while adhering to Sharia principles. Financial technologies such as blockchain and smart contracts can enhance transparency, efficiency, and compliance. Practical implications include strengthening Sharia derivative regulations, increasing digital literacy and public education, and innovating products responsive to domestic and global market needs. Through collaborative strategies among regulators, academics, industry, and religious authorities, Sharia derivatives can become strategic instruments to expand financial inclusion, strengthen market integrity, and support the growth of Indonesia’s Islamic finance industry. This study provides a conceptual foundation for regulation development, instrument design, and public education regarding Sharia derivatives in Indonesia

Integrating Islamic Counseling and Guidance (BK Islami) Curriculum into Madrasah Aliyah Management System: Problem or Solution?

Faiz Musthofa Abbas — 2025-09-19

The discourse on integrating Islamic values into Guidance and Counseling (BK) services at Madrasah Aliyah often encounters a structural dilemma: the transcendental vision is not accompanied by an adequate managerial system. The Islamic BK curriculum is adopted normatively, but it often remains symbolic and detached from the institution's policy architecture. This study aims to examine how the madrasah management system internalizes Islamic values into the planning, implementation, and evaluation of BK services. The research uses a qualitative approach with a single case study design at an Islamic-based Madrasah Aliyah. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and institutional document analysis. The results show that the integration of the Islamic BK curriculum is partial and lacks a systemic managerial strategy. The dominance of an administrative approach, weak leadership roles, and the absence of a value-based evaluation mechanism are the main factors hindering the internalization of Islamic values in BK services. This study recommends a reformulation of Islamic educational management policies that position BK services as a transformative, rather than merely procedural, instrument.